Whale

 

Animal State | Whale | All cetaceans, including whales, dolphins and porpoises, are descendants of land-living mammals of the order Artiodactyla (hoofed, even). Whale cows nurse actively pressing the milk, so fat that she has the consistency of toothpaste into the mouths of their young. Whales are known to teach, learn, cooperate, plan, and even cry. Spindle neurons in whales are found in brain areas homologous to the place where they are in humans, suggesting that they play a functionUnlike like most animals, whales are conscious breathers. All mammals sleep, but whales can not afford to become unconscious for a long time because they can drown.

The lifetime varies among species of whales are not well characterized. Whale few elderly left to observe directly. Nowak RM Johns Hopkins University estimated that humpback whales can live as long as 77 years in 2007, a fragment of the 19th century poses was found in a bowhead whale in Alaska, suggesting that the individual could be between 115 and 130 years. aspartic acid racemization in the eye whale, combined with a fragment of a harpoon, indicated a 211 years of age to another male, which, if true, bowheads the lifetime longer existing mammalian species. Some species like the humpback whale, to communicate with melodic sounds, called whale songs. Sperm whales have only been heard making clicks while using echolocation toothed whales (Odontoceti), which can generate about 20,000 watts of sound (73 dBm or 43 dBW) and be heard for miles. Vocalizing whales is likely to serve several purposes, including echolocation, reproduction and identification. Whales are often classified as predators, but their food ranges from microscopic plankton to large animals.

Toothed whales eat fish and squid that hunt by the use of echolocation. Orcas sometimes eat other marine mammals, including whales. Whales such as humpbacks and blues, when feeding at high latitudes (such as the Southern Ocean), feed primarily on krill. The whales do not drink seawater, but indirectly, draw water from their food by metabolizing fat A study in 2010 attributed to whales, a positive influence on the productivity of ocean fisheries, which was called "pump whale." Whales transport nutrients such as nitrogen from the bottom to the surface. Some species of great whales are listed as threatened by multinational organizations such as CITES with governments and advocacy groups, mainly due to the impacts of whaling. They were hunted commercially for whale oil, meat, fins and ambergris (a perfume ingredient intestines of the sperm whale) from the 17th century. At its peak in 1846, the American whaling industry employed over 70,000 people and 736 ships.

The International Whaling Commission banned commercial whaling in 1986. The prohibition is not absolute, however, and some whaling continues under the auspices of scientific research (sometimes not shown) or indigenous rights, the current whaling nations are Norway, Iceland and Japan and the indigenous communities of Siberia, Alaska and northern Canada. Modifying equipment and deployment, and eco-labeling (dolphin-safe tuna brands or environmental dolphin), contributed to a reduction in mortality of dolphins by tuna. Environmentalists say advanced sonar naval endangers some cetaceans, including whales. In 2003, British and Spanish scientists in Nature suggests that the effects of whale strandings and the sonar signals that trigger these whales had decompression sickness.

Mass strandings occur in many species, especially beak whales that use echolocation to deep diving. The frequency and size of grounding worldwide, recorded during the last 1000 years on religious tracts and more recently scientific observations were used to estimate the population of several species of whales, assuming that the proportion of the total whale the beach in one year is constant. Beached whales may provide new clues about the conditions of the population, specific health problems. Attempts in the UK Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society for a public inquiry into the possible dangers equivalent of the Royal Navy (sonar "2087", launched in December 2004) failed in 2008.

The novel and the film Whale Rider accompany the trials of a young girl named Paikia, who lives in a culture. The whale is in the creation myths of the Inuit. In the Icelandic tale a man threw a stone at a fin and hit the opening, causing the whale to explode. Some cultures associate the deity with the whales, such as Ghana and the Vietnamese, who occasionally funerals for beached whales, a return to the old Vietnam sea-based Austro-Asian culture. The whale is a creature revered Vietnamese fishermen. If you find a dead whale beached, one is responsible to perform a funeral for the "Lord" as his own father. The story of Jonah swallowed by a whale is also indicated in the Qur'an.

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Koala

 

  

Animal State | Koala | Typical and New South Wales Koala weights are 12 kg (26 lb) for men and 8.5 kg (19 lb) for women. In tropical and subtropical Queensland, but the Koala is smaller (about 6.5 kg (14 lb) for an average male and just over 5 kg (11 lb) for an average woman), a lighter gray many times color rather scruffy, and has shorter hair thinner. In Queensland the Koala was previously considered subspecies P. cinereus adustus and intermediate forms in New South Wales as P. cinereus cinereus classified. Koala can also white fur, in rare cases, a recessive gene. Koala origins are unclear, although they are descended from terrestrial Wombat, almost certainly, like animals. 

Koala is cooled to a specialized diet of eucalyptus trees to climate and eucalyptus forests grew in place of rainforests. Fossils show that living 50,000 years ago, giant koalas in the south of Australia. Koala fills the same ecological role as the sloth of South America Koala is broadly similar in appearance to Wombat (its closest living relatives), but has a thicker coat, much larger ears and longer limbs. Koala has large claws, sharp to assist with climbing tree trunks. Weight varies from about 14 kg (31 lb) for a great man south, approximately 5 kg (11 lb) for a small northern female. The five fingers are two koalas left thumb for better grip. Koala teeth are herbivores, adapted to their diet and are similar to those of marsupials such as kangaroos and Wombats diprotodont. 

Dental formula for koalas is a male koala, like many marsupials, has a bifurcated penis. Female has two vaginas and two separate lateral uterus, which filled in all marsupials, koalas brain ancestors today once all the cranial cavity, but decreased dramatically in this species, a degeneration scientists suspect that adaptation to a diet low energy. There is little reliable information about the life of Koala, but was observed in captivity, reach age 18 Females reach maturity at 2-3 years, males at 3-4 years. A healthy female baby koala can produce one young each year over 12 years.  Twins are very rare, the world's first confirmed identical twin Koalas, were named "Euca" and "Lyptus", University of Queensland, was born in April 1999. A baby koala baby is called Joey, and is hairless, blind, and earless.

Young women in nearby areas, which spread time, often young mothers to stay home until within two or three years. Koala lives almost entirely on eucalyptus leaves. Koala can be aggressive towards each other, one foot in front to throw their opponents and bite, although aggressive behavior is just bickering. Dealing with koalas can cause stress, and stress the problem of aggression and the handling is a political issue in Australia. Koalas spend about three to five active hours eating. Koala eating an average of 500 grams (18 oz) of eucalyptus leaves each day, chewing them with powerful jaws in a very fine paste before swallowing.

Koala will eat the leaves of a wide range of eucalypts, and occasionally even some non-eucalypt species such as Acacia, Leptospermum and Melaleuca. It has strong preferences vary depending on certain types of eucalyptus in these preferences by region: the South hand chewing gum, blue gum and swamp gum are favored, Grey Gum and Tallowwood are important in the north, and ubiquitous River Red Gum isolated seasonal swamps and streams that can live on dry plains hiking the arid interior of koala surprising. Many factors determine which attaches to 680 species of eucalyptus trees Koala. Among trees of their favorite species, but the main factor determining individual trees the Koala chooses is the concentration of a group of toxins called formylated Phloroglucinol phenolic compounds. Studies on koalas by holders of 13 zoos and wildlife in New South Wales shows that the most preferred group of eucalyptus leaves lower levels of condensed tannins were.

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Piranha

 

  

Animal State | Piranha | Piranhas are found in the Amazon basin, the Orinoco, in rivers of Guyana, Paraguay-Paraná and São Francisco River Systems. Piranhas were also found in the lake in southern Bangladesh Kaptai. Serrasalmus, Pristobrycon and Pygopristis Pygocentrus are the most easily recognized by their individual teeth. All piranhas have a single row of sharp teeth in the two jaws, the teeth are tight and locking (by means of small cusps) and are used for the rapid punching and shearing. Individual teeth are typically broadly triangular, sharp, blade-like (flat profile). There are minor variations in the number of cusps, in most species, the teeth are tricuspid with a longer median cusp which individual teeth appear substantially triangular. 

Piranhas are important ecological components of its natural environment. Although confined to the lower river, these fish are widespread and inhabit diverse lotic and lentic habitats. Some piranha species are abundant locally and multiple species often occur together. As both predators and scavengers, piranhas influence the local distribution and composition of fish assemblages. Some piranha species consume large quantities of seeds, but unlike the related Colossoma and Piaractus, herbivorous piranhas chew well and eat all the seeds completely consumed and therefore do not function as dispersers. Piranha has a reputation as fierce predators that hunt their prey in schools. Piranhas are "essentially as regular fish with big teeth." Research on the species Serrasalmus aff. 

Piranha teeth are often used to make tools and weapons by the indigenous population. Piranhas are also popular as food, but if an individual is bitch caught on a hook or line, can be attacked by another (free) piranhas Piranha are commonly consumed by subsistence fishermen and often sold for food in local markets in recent decades, the dried samples were marketed as tourist souvenirs. Piranhas occasionally bite and sometimes injure bathers and swimmers. A piranha bite is considered more an act of negligence of misfortune, but piranhas are a considerable nuisance to commercial and recreational fishers because they steal bait, mutilate catch, damage nets and other gear, and can bite when handled. Several piranha species appear in the aquarium trade. Piranhas can be bought as pets in some areas, but are illegal in many parts of the United States

The piranha aquarium is more common Pygocentrus nattereri, red-bellied piranhas. Piranhas can be bought at maturity or as babies, often no bigger than a thumbnail. Piranhas are likely to become cannibalistic on others in your group, if malnourished There are many myths about how they can piranhas dilacerate a human or bovine seconds. These myths refer specifically to Pygocentrus nattereri, red-bellied piranhas. Attacks on humans are usually reported around the docks where the fish are often torn and the viscera are usually thrown into the water. Piranha (1978) and Piranha II: The Spawning (1981) perpetuates the grim picture of piranha piranhas showing deadly bite and eat humans.

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Kangaroo

Animal State | Kangaroo | The word derives from the word kangaroo gangurru Guugu Yimithirr with reference to the gray kangaroos. Guugu Yimithirr is the language of the locals. A common myth about English name of the kangaroos that "kangaroo" is a phrase Guugu Yimithirr was "I do not understand you. The local responded "Kangaroo", meaning "I do not understand", which Cook took the name of the creature. The Kangaroo myth was debunked in the 1970s by linguist John B. Haviland, in his research with people Yimithirr Guugu. Kangaroos are often colloquially referred to as the Roos. Male kangaroos bucks, boomers, jacks, or the elderly are mentioned, women are doing, flyers, or Jill, and young are joeys. The collective term for kangaroos is a mob, troop transport, or court. Mobs tend to have more than ten kangaroos in them. The word derives from the word kangaroo gangurru Guugu Yimithirr with reference to the gray kangaroos.

A common myth about the kangaroo's English name, that "kangaroo" is a phrase Guugu Yimithirr "was I do not understand you. The local responded "Kangaroo", meaning "I do not understand", which Cook took the name of the creature. The myth has been debunked Kangaroo in the 1970s by linguist John B. Haviland in his research with people Yimithirr Guugu. Kangaroos are often colloquially referred to as the Roos. Male kangaroos bucks, boomers, jacks, or the elderly are mentioned, women are doing, flyers, or Jill, and young are joeys. The collective term for kangaroos is a mob, troop transport, or court. Mobs tend to have more than ten kangaroos in them. Groups of kangaroos is called a mob. High levels of display large amounts of complex interactions and social structures, comparable to that of ungulates. Kangaroos make to obtain the information, many labels sniffing odor. This behavior strengthens social cohesion, without aggressiveness consistently. While mutual sniffing, if it is a small kangaroo holding her body close to the ground and his head will shake, this is perhaps a form of submission.Greetings between men and women are often associated with large males are more women involved in meetings. Most other non-antagonistic behavior occurs between mothers and their young. To strengthen young mother and her bond if care.

Joey will sniff a bag of his mother if she wants to access it Sexual activity kangaroos consists of pairs wife. Attractive females move far and attract the attention of men by visual signals. If the female does not flee, the male will continue to follow licking, scratching and scratching and copulation. Since larger males tend to be relationships with attractive female in the vicinity of the small males tend to be females, which are further from estrous dominant males can avoid that sort of women, their status in relation to the determination of stress in the search for bonds held by the largest male, they can move without a fight The fighting has been described in all kinds of kangaroos. The fighting between kangaroos can be short or long and ritualized. Are limited in highly competitive situations, such as the males fight over access to females in heat or drinking places, the fights are short. Both sexes are to fight for the points of consumption, but the long ritualized fighting or "boxes" will be made largely by men. Small men fight more frequently near estrus females, the males apparently in large-workers not to get involved. Ritualized combat can occur suddenly, when the males are grazing together.

Large males often reject challenges of smaller males. The winners will be determined by a kangaroo fighting breaks and pensions. The initiators of the fights are usually the winners. Dominant males can intimidate even the grass to subordinates. Kangaroos have few natural enemies. The barking of a dog, a single adult male boomer into a wild frenzy wedge-tailed eagles and other raptors usually eat kangaroo bring carrion. Goannas and other carnivorous reptiles also pose a risk for smaller kangaroo species when other food sources are not sufficient. With dingoes and other canids, introduced species like foxes and feral cats also pose a threat to kangaroo populations. If pursued into the water, a large kangaroo use its forepaws to hold the predator underwater, is described as the embedding of other defensive tactics of witnesses, the attacking dog's start with the front paws and hind legs to erode.

Kangaroo reproduction is similar to possums. Even in the largest kangaroo (the red kangaroo) the neonate occurs after only 33 days. Meanwhile, the baby is growing rapidly in the pocket. Kangaroo meat is high in protein and low fat (2%). Kangaroo meat has a very high concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in comparison with other foods. Kangaroo meat is stronger in flavor than meat from slaughtered animals raised commercially. Chopped (or ground) kangaroo meat to be substituted in dishes where the meat would normally be used

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Lion

  

Animal State | Lion | The biggest name, similar in many Romance languages, comes from Latin and ancient greek λέων Leo (Leon) is derived. Today only eight subspecies usually are accepted, even if one of these, the Cape lion, formerly known as Panthera leo melanochaita described, is probably not valid. While the state of the Asiatic lion (P. persica L.) is a subspecies universally accepted, the systematic relationships among the African lions are not yet fully understood. Mitochondrial variation in living African lion seems to be modest by some recent studies, therefore, all sub-Saharan lions were sometimes only as a subspecies. However, a recent study showed lions Western and Central Europe differ genetically from the lions of southern Africa and eastern Europe. According to this study, Western African lions are more closely related to lions in South Asian and East African lions. These results could be due to a late Pleistocene extinction of lions in West and Central Africa and the subsequent re-colonization of these parts from Asia are explained.

Lions of Tsavo East Kenya are much closer genetically to lions in Transvaal (South Africa), as in the Aberdare range in western Kenya. Another study found that there are three main types of lions, a North African Asian, a South African and Central Africa. The Asiatic lion was the most striking persica, and the Lion's Head was more allied with property P. persica L. compared to other sub-Saharan lions. He was 58 lions skull analyzed in three European museums, the lion is the highest (shoulder) of all cats, an average of about 14 cm (5.5 inches) larger than the tiger. Behind only the tiger, the lion is the second largest living felid in length and weight. The largest skull has large nasal openings that the tiger.

Lion coloration varies from fan light yellowish, reddish, yellow or dark brown. Lions are the only members of the cat family on hand, sexual dimorphism, males and females must be notified to appear noticeably different. The color of the male's mane varies from blond to black, usually darker is older than the lion. Weights for adult lions range from 150 to 250 kg (330-550 lb) for males and 120 to 182 kg (264-400 lb) for women. Nowell and Jackson report average weight of 181 kg (400 £) for males and 126 kg (280 lb) for women. Lions tend to vary in size depending on their environment and surrounding area, leading to a wide distribution of the weights recorded. 

The longest known lion, with about 3.6 m (12 ft) in total length, was a black-maned male shot near Mucsso, southern Angola in October 1973, was the heaviest known lion to the wild in a man-eater 1936 before the doors Hectorspruit shot in Eastern Transvaal, South Africa and weighed 313 kg (690 lb). Another particularly large male lion that was shot near Mount Kenya, weighed 272 kg (600 lb). Lions in captivity is usually larger than the lion in the desert lion's heaviest ever recorded in Male Colchester Zoo in England named Simba in 1970, who weighed 375 kg (826 lb). 

However, the head often cited maximum length of the body and can be adjusted from 250 cm (8 ft 2 in) and not to become extinct Pleistocene forms, such as the American lion, even with a large extent modern lion a few inches less in length The most striking characteristic of males and females have in common is that the tail ends in a hairy tuft. Lion hiding in some "encouraging" the shock of a hard "spine" or about 5 mm, consisting of the final sections of tail bone fused together. The lion is the only felid a tufted tail, the function of the tuft and spine are not known to have. 

Even if the lions can be active at all times, their activity generally peaks after dusk with a period of socialization, grooming, and defecation. In Africa, lions in the savanna grasslands with scattered acacia trees, which is to serve as the shadow of its former habitats in India, a mixture of savannah and dry forest scrub very dry deciduous forest. The habitat of lions originally crossed the southern part of Eurasia, from Greece to India, and most of Africa except the central area of rain forest and the Sahara. A population of Asiatic lion survived until the tenth century in the Caucasus, their last European outpost. About 300 lions live in a 1412 km2 (545 square miles) sanctuary in Gujarat, which covers most of the forest. 

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Camel

 

  

Animal State | Camel | The average life expectancy of a camel is 40 to 50 years. The hump rises about 75 cm (30 in) from his body.  Male dromedaries have an organ called Dulla unusual in his neck, a large inflatable bag is extruded out of his mouth when in heat, to assert dominance and attract females. Most of the camels survive today are cultivated or wild, shortly after his return to the wild. Along with everyone else, but megafauna bison in North America, the original wild camels were exterminated during the propagation of native Americans from Asia to North America, 12,000 and 10,000 years ago. The camels were domesticated for the first can of people in south-western Saudi, years 6000-3400, the Bactrian camel in Central Asia 2,500 years ago. People in the old first domesticated camels Somalia had time before 2000 BC. The Horn of Africa alone has the largest concentration of camels in the world where camels are an important part of local life, nomadic existence. The Bactrian camel is now reduced to about 1.4 million animals, mostly domestic. It is believed that there are about 1,000 wild Bactrian camels in the Gobi Desert in China and Mongolia.

A small population of camels, dromedaries and Bactrians introduced, survived in the U.S. south-west to the second half of the 20 st Century. Twenty-three camels were brought to Canada during the Cariboo gold rush. The camels do not store water in their humps as is commonly believed. This process of fat metabolism requires the generation of a net loss of water through breathing the oxygen to the fat on its ability to convert survive long periods without water is a series of physiological adaptations. Your red blood cells have an oval shape, unlike those of other mammals, which are circular. The camels are able to changes in the consumption of the body temperature and the water that would kill the majority of other animals can withstand. The evaporation of sweat removes them from the skin surface, not on the surface of the hair, and then have lost very efficient cooling of the body relative to the amount of water through sweating.

A camel blood remains hydrated, even if the body fluids are lost, until reaching the limit of 25%. Camels eat green plants able to absorb the moisture sufficient to milder conditions in the hydrated state of their bodies without the need to obtain a beverage. Isolated from a camel's thick coat to the intense heat radiated from the desert sand. A camel has cut off to prevent overheating sweat 50% more. Camels have been known to swim. Long eyelashes and ear hairs, together with sealable nostrils, form a barrier against sand. Their pace and help them spread their legs to move without sinking into the sand in the kidneys and intestines of a camel are very efficient at retaining water. In all mammals, Y-shaped antibody molecules consist of two or heavy (long) chains along the length of the Y and two light (or short) chains at each tip of the Y. Antibody molecules camels, which have only two heavy chains, making them smaller and more durable. 

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Armadillo

 

  

Animal State | Armadillo | Armadillos are prolific researchers with sharp claws. Many species use their sharp claws to dig for food such as larvae, and dig burrows. The nine tracks Armadillo prefers to build burrows in moist soil near streams, rivers and streams around which it lives and feeds. The diet of different armadillo species varies, but consists mainly of insects, worms and other invertebrates. Some species, however, feeds almost exclusively on ants and termites. In common with other xenarthrans, armadillos typically have low body temperature (33-36 ° C) and the basal metabolic rate (40-60% of that expected from a placental mammal of the mass). The armor is formed by plates of dermal bone covered in relatively small, overlapping epidermal scales called scutes ", composed of bone with a coating of the tube. The underside of the animal is not shielded, and is simply covered with the skin soft and skins. This skin armor seems to be the main defense of many armadillos, although most escape predators fleeing (often into thorny patches, from which their armor protects them) or digging to safety. Only the South American three bands armadillos (Tolypeutes) rely heavily on their armor. When threatened by a predator species often Tolypeutes rolling a ball. Other species of armadillo can not roll because they have other cards.

Armadillos have a very poor vision, and use your keen sense of smell to hunt They use their claws for digging and finding food and making their homes in burrows. Armadillo teeth of nine tracks is P 7/7, M 1/1 = 32. Gestation 60-120 days, depending on the species, although the armadillo nine-linked implant also delayed, so that the couple are generally not born to eight months after mating. Armadillos are solitary animals who do not share their burrows with other adults. Armadillos are often used in the study of leprosy, as they, with Mangabey monkeys, rabbits and mice (on their feet), are among the few known species of nonhuman animals that can contract the disease systemically. (Leprosy bacteria is difficult to culture and armadillo have a body temperature of 34 ° C (93 ° F), similar to human skin.) Humans can acquire an armadillo leprosy by handling or Armadillo eat meat. Because armadillos are native to the New World at some point they have acquired the disease in humans. The armadillo is also a natural reservoir of Chagas disease.

The nine-banded armadillo is also the science through its unusual reproductive system in which four children were born genetically identical, the result of an egg source. Armadillos (mainly Dasypus) make common roadkill due to their habit of jumping up mud when startled (such as an oncoming car). 

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